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As Brunelleschi began to build the dome, most people in Florence shook their heads and said it was impossible. There was no conceivable way to build a dome that size. I anatomize a successful open-source project, fetchmail, that was run as a deliberate test of the surprising theories about software engineering suggested. Standing in the midst of downtown Los Angeles, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels serves the total. Motherwell Cathedral 2000. Welcome to the website of Our Lady of Good Aid Cathedral. Our Parish has been in existence for over 125 years. History and art lovers will be able to go on free tours of rare stained glass salvaged from Coventry\'s blitzed cathedral, as part of Heritage Open Days. Canterbury Cathedral - Wikipedia. The archiepiscopal throne in Canterbury Cathedral. Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion; the archbishop, being suitably occupied with national and international matters, delegates the most of his functions as diocesan bishop to the Bishop suffragan of Dover, currently Trevor Willmott. Cotswolds Castles, Romans, Shakespeare, Abbeys, Cathedrals & Stately Homes. Cotswolds History - Places of History in the Cotswolds are many and varied. Our Lady of Burgos was begun in the 13th century at the same time as the great cathedrals of the Ile-de-France and was completed in the 15th and.Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. Founded in 5. 97, the cathedral was completely rebuilt from 1. The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the twelfth century, and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1. Thomas Becket, the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1. The Norman nave and transepts survived until the late fourteenth century, when they were demolished to make way for the present structures. History. Following the conversion of Augustine of Hippo in the 4th century, the influence of Christianity grew steadily. The cathedral\'s first bishop was Augustine of Canterbury, previously abbot of St. Andrew\'s Benedictine Abbey in Rome; when other dioceses were founded in England he was made archbishop. He was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 5. Anglo- Saxons. Augustine founded the cathedral in 5. Jesus Christ, the Holy Saviour. Peter and Paul outside the city walls. This was later rededicated to St. Augustine himself and was for many centuries the burial place of the successive archbishops. The abbey is part of the World Heritage Site of Canterbury, along with the cathedral and the ancient Church of St Martin. The oldest remains found during excavations beneath the present nave in 1. Anglo- Saxon building, which had been constructed across a Roman road. A smaller subsidiary building was found to the south- west of these foundations. It appears to have had a square central tower. But the formal establishment as a monastery seems to date only to c. Lanfranc\'s time onwards (with monastic constitutions addressed by him to prior Henry). Dunstan was buried on the south side of the high altar. The cathedral was badly damaged during Danish raids on Canterbury in 1. Mary, probably during the archbishopric of Lyfing (1. It housed the archbishop\'s throne, with the altar of St Mary just to the east. At about the same time that the westwork was built, the arcade walls were strengthened and towers added to the eastern corners of the church. Rebuilding began in 1. Norman archbishop, Lanfranc (1. He cleared the ruins and reconstructed the cathedral to a design based closely on that of the Abbey of St. Etienne in Caen, where he had previously been abbot, using stone brought from France. The new church, its central axis about 5m south of that of its predecessor. It was dedicated in 1. Following the election of Prior Ernulf in 1. Lanfranc\'s inadequate east end was demolished, and replaced with an eastern arm 1. It was raised above a large and elaborately decorated crypt. Ernulf was succeeded in 1. Conrad, who completed the work by 1. The new choir took the form of a complete church in itself, with its own transepts; the east end was semicircular in plan, with three chapels opening off an ambulatory. A free standing campanile was built on a mound in the cathedral precinct in about 1. Augustine, the ceremonial enthronement chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury, may date from the Norman period. Its first recorded use is in 1. Plantagenet. The king had frequent conflicts with the strong- willed Becket and is said to have exclaimed in frustration, . After the Anglo- Saxon . This brought both the need to expand the cathedral and the wealth that made it possible. Rebuilding of the choir. In September 1. 17. Gervase. The crypt survived the fire intact, and it was found possible to retain the outer walls of the choir, which were increased in height by 1. Everything else was replaced in the new Gothic style, with pointed arches, rib vaulting and flying buttresses. The limestone used was imported from Caen in Normandy, and Purbeck marble was used for the shafting. The choir was back in use by 1. Dunstan and . Following his injury in a fall from the scaffolding in 1. A further chapel, circular in plan, was added beyond that, which housed further relics of Becket, widely believed to have included the top of his skull, struck off in the course of his assassination. This latter chapel became known as the . These new parts east of the choir transepts were raised on a higher crypt than Ernulf\'s choir, necessitating flights of steps between the two levels. Work on the chapel was completed in 1. Becket\'s remains were not moved from his tomb in the crypt until 1. Further significant interments in the Trinity Chapel included those of Edward Plantagenet (The . A marble plinth, raised on columns, supported what an early visitor, Walter of Coventry, described as . Other accounts make clear that the gold was laid over a wooden chest, which in turn contained an iron- bound box holding Becket\'s remains. Further votive treasures were added to the adornments of the chest over the years, while others were placed on pedestals or beams nearby, or attached to hanging drapery. For much of the time the chest (or . The Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus, who visited in 1. This revenue included the profits from the sale of pilgrim badges depicting Becket, his martyrdom, or his shrine. The shrine was removed in 1. Henry VIII summoned the dead saint to court to face charges of treason. Having failed to appear, he was found guilty in his absence and the treasures of his shrine were confiscated, carried away in two coffers and twenty- six carts. Monastic buildings. A bird\'s- eye view of the cathedral and its monastic buildings, made in about 1. There was a separate chapter- house. Adjoining it, on the north side, stood the cloister and the buildings devoted to the monastic life. To the east and west of these were those devoted to the exercise of hospitality. To the north a large open court divided the monastic buildings from menial ones, such as the stables, granaries, barn, bakehouse, brew house and laundries, inhabited by the lay servants of the establishment. At the greatest possible distance from the church, beyond the precinct of the monastery, was the eleemosynary department. The almonry for the relief of the poor, with a great hall annexed, formed the paupers\' hospitium. The great cloister was surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks,- - the church to the south, with the refectory placed as always on the side opposite, the dormitory, raised on a vaulted undercroft, and the chapter- house adjacent, and the lodgings of the cellarer, responsible for providing both monks and guests with food, to the west. A passage under the dormitory lead eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to sick and infirm monks. Beneath the dormitory, overlooking the green court or herbarium, lay the . At its north- east corner access was given from the dormitory to the necessarium, a building in the form of a Norman hall, 1. It was constructed with careful regard to hygiene, with a stream of water running through it from end to end. Close to the refectory, but outside the cloisters, were the domestic offices connected with it: to the north, the kitchen, 4. The infirmary had a small kitchen of its own. Opposite the refectory door in the cloister were two lavatories, where the monks washed before and after eating. The prior\'s group were . The inferior pilgrims and paupers were relegated to the north hall or almonry, just within the gate. Monks of the priory have included . The monks often put forward candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, either from among their number or outside, since the archbishop was nominally their abbot, but this could lead to clashes with the king and/or pope should they put forward a different man . The cathedral was seriously damaged by an earthquake of 1. From the late fourteenth century the nave and transepts were rebuilt, on the Norman foundations in the Perpendicular style under the direction of the noted master mason Henry Yevele. In contrast to the contemporary rebuilding of the nave at Winchester, where much of the existing fabric was retained and remodelled, the piers were entirely removed, and replaced with less bulky Gothic ones, and the old aisle walls completely taken down except for a low . The arches of the new nave arcade were exceptionally high in proportion to the clerestory. The new transepts, aisles and nave were roofed with lierne vaults, enriched with bosses. Most of the work was done during the priorate of Thomas Chillenden (1. The Norman stone floor of the nave, however survived until its replacement in 1. It was during this period that the wagon- vaulting of the chapter house was created. A shortage of money, and the priority given to the rebuilding of the cloisters and chapter- house meant that the rebuilding of the west towers was neglected. The south- west tower was not replaced until 1. Norman north- west tower survived until 1. Perpendicular companion. In about 1. 43. 0 the south transept apse was removed to make way for a chapel, founded by Lady Margaret Holland and dedicated to St Michael and All Angels. The north transept apse was replaced by a Lady Chapel, built in 1. Further strengthening was found necessary around the beginning of the sixteenth century, when buttressing arches were added under the southern and western tower arches. The tower is often known as the . Canterbury surrendered in March 1. The New Foundation came into being on 8 April 1. Some of Davis\'s misericords have a distinctly medieval flavour and he may have copied some of the original designs. When Sir George Gilbert Scott carried out renovations in the 1.
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